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Prostitution is the business or practice of engaging in sexual relations in exchange for payment〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/prostitution )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://definitions.uslegal.com/p/prostitution )〕 or some other benefit. Prostitution is sometimes described as commercial sex. A person who works in this field is called a prostitute, and is a kind of sex worker. Prostitution is one of the branches of the sex industry. The legal status of prostitution varies from country to country (sometimes from region to region within a given country), ranging from being permissible but unregulated, to an enforced or unenforced crime, or a regulated profession. It is sometimes referred to euphemistically as "the world's oldest profession". Estimates place the annual revenue generated by prostitution worldwide to be over $100 billion.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title= Prostitution Market Value )〕 Prostitution occurs in a variety of forms. Brothels are establishments specifically dedicated to prostitution. In escort prostitution, the act may take place at the client's residence or hotel room (referred to as out-call), or at the escort's residence or a hotel room rented for the occasion by the escort (in-call). Another form is street prostitution. Although the majority of prostitutes are female with male clients, there are also gay male prostitutes, lesbian prostitutes, and heterosexual male prostitutes.〔Sexuality Now: Embracing Diversity – Page 525, Janell L. Carroll – 2009〕 There are about 42 million prostitutes in the world, living all over the world (though most of Central Asia, the Middle East and Africa lacks data, studied countries in that large region rank as top sex tourism destinations).〔http://www.businessinsider.com/there-are-42-million-prostitutes-in-the-world-and-heres-where-they-live-2012-1〕 ''Sex tourism'' refers to traveling to engage in sexual relations with prostitutes. Some rich clients may pay for long-term contracts that may last for years.〔Odd Markets in Japanese History: Law and Economic Growth – Page 68, J. Mark Ramseyer – 2008〕〔Encyclopedia of prostitution and sex work: A-N. Vol. 1 – Page 37, Melissa Hope Ditmore – 2006〕 == Etymology and terminology == ''Prostitute'' is derived from the Latin ''prostituta''. Some sources cite the verb as a composition of "''pro''" meaning "up front" or "forward" and "''situere''", defined as "to offer up for sale".〔"Call Girls" by Roberta Perkins and Francis Lovejoy, UWA Press, 2007, pg 2 – 3〕 Another explanation is that ''prostituta'' is a composition of ''pro'' and ''statuere'' (to cause to stand, to station, place erect). A literal translation therefore is: "to put up front for sale" or "to place forward". The Online Etymology Dictionary states, "The notion of 'sex for hire' is not inherent in the etymology, which rather suggests one 'exposed to lust' or sex 'indiscriminately offered.'"〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''prostitute'' )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Perseus Digital Library )〕 The word ''prostitute'' was then carried down through various languages to the present-day Western society. Most sex worker activists groups reject the word ''prostitute'' and since the late 1970s have used the term ''sex worker'' instead. However, ''sex worker'' can also mean anyone who works within the sex industry or whose work is of a sexual nature and is not limited solely to prostitutes. A variety of terms are used for those who engage in prostitution, some of which distinguish between different types of prostitution or imply a value judgment about them. Common alternatives for ''prostitute'' include ''escort'' and ''whore''; however, not all professional escorts are prostitutes. The English word ''whore'' derives from the Old English word ''hōra'', from the Proto-Germanic '' *hōrōn'' (prostitute), which derives from the Proto-Indo-European root '' *keh₂-'' meaning "desire", a root which has also given us Latin ''cārus'' (dear), whence the French ''cher'' (dear, expensive) and the Latin ''cāritās'' (love, charity). Use of the word ''whore'' is widely considered pejorative, especially in its modern slang form of ''ho''. In Germany, however, most prostitutes' organizations deliberately use the word ''Hure'' (whore) since they feel that ''prostitute'' is a bureaucratic term. Those seeking to remove the social stigma associated with prostitution often promote terminology such as ''sex worker'', ''commercial sex worker'' (CSW), ''tantric engineer'' (coined by author Robert Anton Wilson), or ''sex trade worker''. Another commonly-used word for a prostitute is ''hooker''. Although a popular etymology connects "hooker" with Joseph Hooker, a Union general in the American Civil War, the word more likely comes from the concentration of prostitutes around the shipyards and ferry terminal of the Corlear's Hook area of Manhattan in the 1820s, who came to be referred to as "hookers".〔(【引用サイトリンク】url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060521101352/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/2006/1/2006_1_15.shtml )〕 A ''streetwalker'' solicits customers on the streets or in public places, while a ''call girl'' makes appointments by phone, or in recent years, through email or the internet. Correctly or not, use of the word ''prostitute'' without specifying a sex may commonly be assumed to be female; compound terms such as ''male prostitution'' or ''male escort'' are therefore often used to identify males. Those offering services to female customers are commonly known as ''gigolos''; those offering services to male customers are ''hustlers'' or ''rent boys''. Organizers of prostitution may be known as ''pimps'' (if male) and ''madams'' or ''Mama-san'' (if female). More formally, one who is said to practice procuring is a ''procurer'', or ''procuress''. The clients of prostitutes are also known as ''johns'' or ''tricks'' in North America and ''punters'' in the British Isles. These slang terms are used among both prostitutes and law enforcement for persons who solicit prostitutes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Adult Industry Terms and Acronyms )〕 The term ''john'' may have originated from the frequent customer practice of giving one's name as "John", a common name in English-speaking countries, in an effort to maintain anonymity. In some places, men who drive around red-light districts for the purpose of soliciting prostitutes are also known as ''kerb crawlers''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Prostitution」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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